Opinion, Khmer Times, 24 March 2023 (Link)
In an
unprepared speech at the launching event of the Public Financial Management
Reform Program Phase 4 on 20 March 2023, Prime Minister Hun Sen recalled the
reforms that he undertook in the 1980s, which were nothing less than
life-threatening.
By this, he
meant to say that it was not only about the threat to his political life but
also his own physical existence.
He recalled how
his life was so fragile and vulnerable when he stood out to propose daring
reforms during the extremely volatile and dangerous situation. Nonetheless, he
was still inclined to initiating reform for his sheer belief—and later became
his governance mantra—that “ke tumrong keu ros, min ke tumrong keu slab”,
meaning “to reform is to survive; without reform means death”.
He explained that
there were three life-threatening reforms he undertook during the 1980s.
Firstly, the
internal political reform. He was the early figure to push for negotiation and
peaceful dialogue to put an end to Cambodian conflict. Unfortunately, Cambodian
leadership back then was full of “neak tor suu” or “struggle fighters”, and no
one was ready for the concept of negotiation. Everyone only talked about
fighting to win.
The most
troublesome factor was that in his premiership his own defence minister and
foreign minister were not supportive of the talk. Therefore, he needed to
change these two ministers to push forward his peace talk initiative.
Of course, the
reform was undertaken when internal understanding and consensus were not fully
on board, and such situation was extremely dangerous for the country and
government that were just emerging from war.
He also thanked
the French government for providing platform and hosting the negotiation
between the then Prince Norodom Sihanouk and himself at Fère-en-Tardenois, a village
northeast of Paris, in December 1987.
The historical
event was remembered as the early impetus for the culmination into what we all
know as the Paris Peace Agreements in 1991.
Secondly, on
economic reform. The immediate task for the government that was just emerging
from the genocidal Pol Pot regime was to save the lives of the people.
He recalled
that in those times, 20 families only had two cows as their means of
agricultural production. Now people are complaining about traffic jams for
having too many cars on the street.
In the 1980s,
no one had a clue of what privatization mean but Prime Minister Hun Sen was
instrumental in introducing land privatization reform, and later market
economic concepts.
This daring
move was made when Vietnam was still conducting cooperative economics. He
recalled that in those times there were no less than 100,000 Vietnamese troops
in Cambodia.
While he was
constantly being accused as Vietnamese puppet, he needed to make justice to
Vietnam on the fact that Vietnam was in Cambodia to oust Pol Pot’s butchers,
and that it did not interfere in the domestic undertaking of Cambodian
government.
As the prime
minister, he had all the freedom to conduct political reform as mentioned
above, as well as economic reform. Cambodia’s self-determination was fully
respected by Vietnam as compared to the current situation in which he is being
threatened and intimidated each time he makes important decision.
Thirdly, on
possible sanction from the Soviet Union. Only the Soviet Union and socialist
countries supported the lifeline of Cambodian people, who were the remaining
survivors from Pol Pot’s devastating genocide.
His government
undertook reforms well before Soviet’s Perestroika and Glasnost. Soviet Union
could easily cut off the lifeline support to Cambodia considering Prime
Minister Hun Sen’s unconventional reforms.
But the Soviet
Union did not do so. Soviet’s tolerance did pave the way for this daring
political and economic reforms. And Prime Minister Hun Sen was in gratitude for
the Soviet Union’s big heart even until today.
All in all, he
was trying to encourage the next generations not to fear reforms because
the reforms we are doing today, nothing is life-threatening like the reforms he
undertook in the 1980s. He was trying to institute the important governance
mantra to the next generation public servants, which is “to reform is to
survive; without reform means death”.